Topology. Two basic categories of network topologies exist, physical topologies and logical topologies. The cabling layout used to link devices is the physical topology of the network. This refers to the layout of cabling, the locations of nodes, and the interconnections between the nodes and the cabling.
Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network.[1][2] Essentially, it is the topological[3] structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. Physical topology is the placement of the various components of a network, including device location and cable installation, while logical topology illustrates how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design. Distances between nodes, physical interconnections, transmission rates, or signal types may differ between two networks, yet their topologies may be identical.
An example is a local area network (LAN). Any given node in the LAN has one or more physical links to other devices in the network; graphically mapping these links results in a geometric shape that can be used to describe the physical topology of the network. Conversely, mapping the data flow between the components determines the logical topology of the network.
There are a number of different examples of topologies.
- Bus topology
- Ring topology
- Star topology
- Mesh topology
- Tree topology
In the bus topology, a common backbone is used to connect every node in the network. The backbone is a single cable that acts as the shared connection for all the nodes attached into it via interface connectors.
All the nodes in a ring topology are connected to each other in the form of a closed loop. Every node on the network is only connected to two other nodes. It is the cheapest network topology to establish and provides high data transfer rates.
The star topology has a single, central hub, to which every node on the network is connected to. Data being transmitted between the network nodes has to pass through the central hub.
The devices in a mesh topology have redundant data paths. Each device on the network has a point-to-point connection with every other device on the network. This topology offers a fault tolerance in that if a switch, hub, wire or any other component fails, the data always has an alternative path to follow.
The tree topology combines the characteristics of star and bus topologies. It includes multiple star configured networks connected to a single backbone cable.
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